The new government was backed by 44 votes, with 37 MPs voting against, parliament said in a statement on Thursday.
Addressing parliament, Cvijanovic said that the new government would focus on improving the entity's democratic environment, strengthening the economy and creating new jobs.
This will be her second term in office.
The coalition government is led by the centrist Union of Independent Social Democrats, SNSD, which garnered 32.28% of the votes or 29 of 83 seats in the entity's parliament.
The cabinet's ministers include members of the Socialist Party, SP, the Democratic People’s Alliance, DNS, and the HDZ-BiH party, daily Glas Srpske said on Friday.
Bosnia’s two entities, the Serb Republic and the Muslim-Croat Federation held general and presidential elections on October 12.
The two entities have separate assemblies and a central parliament with 28 seats allocated to the Federation and 14 seats to the Serb Republic.